Necessity of a revelation of creation 1 Works of God and works of man

The Divine Creator of heaven and earth wanted His creation to know Who He is and wanted to be worshipped by them. When man revolted against His Wishes He had to make it clear to them that He is and always shall be the Most High. Loving His creation He knew that they were miserable in making the wrong choice. Therefore He provided a solution but demanded His creation to come to know Him better and to restore the broken relationship.

He had a plan with His creation, but by the choice man made this plan was interrupted. To come back to the point were man went wrong there had to come a second Adam who would proof the world that it is possible for man to keep to the commandments of God and to fulfil God’s Wishes. The world had to come to see who that man of salvation is and why God has imposed such Laws unto man. At the same time the one sent from God (Jeshua from the lineage of King David) would come to declare the works of God and show the world Who his heavenly Father is and what He wants from the human beings. This man to be born in Bethlehem would have to reveal the Divine Creator.

English: Creation myth Deutsch: Schöpfungsgesc...
Creation myth (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The whole world should come to see the necessity of a Revelation to make known the origin, reason, and tendency of things in relation to man and the world around him — An intelligible Mystery, and the only source of true wisdom; but practically repudiated by the Moderns.

Man in the world may have forgotten Who is behind everything, but it are the lovers of God who should bring them back on track and show the world the light of Christ and the Way to the Most High Supreme Power.

Man may be lost in the amount of things around him. He might consider him just an element in a universe about which we still do not know much. Though some may think they know a lot of that universe. When looking at it they may see the world or earth revolving upon its own axis, and describing an ample circuit through the boundless fields of space, a planet of the solar system bearing upon its surface a population of over a thousand millions subject to sin, disease, and death.

Dr John Thomas wrote in the 19th century:

This orb of the starry heavens shines with a glory similar to that of its kindred spheres. Viewed from them, it is seen sparkling “like a diamond in the sky”; and with the rest of the heavens, declares the glory of God, and shows forth the handiwork of Him that did create it.
This celestial orb, which is a world or system of itself, is styled The Earth. It is the habitation of races of animals which graze its fields, lurk in its forests, soar through its atmosphere, and pass through the paths of its seas. At the head of all these is a creature like themselves, animal, sensual and mortal. He is called Man. He has replenished the earth and subdued it, and filled it with his renown. His crimes, however, rather than his virtues, have illustrated and distinguished him with an unhappy pre-eminence above all other created things. His heart is evil; and, left to its uncontrolled impulses, he becomes licentious, merciless, and more cruel than the fiercest beast of prey.
Such is the being that claims the independent sovereignty of the globe. He has founded dominions, principalities, and powers; he has built great cities, and vaunted himself in the works of his hands, saying, “Are not these by the might of my power, and for the honour of my majesty?” He repudiates all lordship over him, and claims the inalienable and inherent right of self-government, and of establishing whatever civil and ecclesiastical institutions are best suited to his sensuality and caprice. Hence, at successive periods, the earth has become the arena of fierce and pandemoniac conflicts; its tragedies have baptized its soil in blood, and the mingled cries of the oppressor and the victim have ascended to the throne of the Most High.
Skilled in the wisdom which comes from beneath, he is by nature ignorant of that which is “first pure, and then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy”. This is a disposition to which the animal man under the guidance of his fleshly mind has no affinity. His propensity is to obey the lust of his nature; and to do its evil works, “which are adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, sects, envying, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like”. All these make up the character of the world, “the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eye, and the pride of life”, upon which is enstamped the seal of God’s eternal reprobation. “They who do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God,” but “they shall die”.
Such is the world of human kind! The great and impious enemy of God upon the earth. Its mind is not subject to His law, neither indeed can it be. What shall we say to these things? Is the world as we behold it a finality? Are generations of men, rebellious against God, and destroyers of the earth, to occupy it successively through an endless series of ages? Are men to repeat the history of the past for ever? Is the earth always to be cursed, and sin and death to reign victorious? Who can answer these inquiries? If we survey the starry canopy, thence no sign or voice is given expressive of the truth. They declare the eternal power and divinity of their Creator, but they speak not of the destiny of the earth or of man upon it. If we question the mountains and hills, the plains and valleys, the rivers, seas, and oceans of the earth, and demand their origin, why they were produced, to what end they were created; their rocks, their strata, their fossils, or deposits, afford us no response. Turn we to man and ask him, “Whence comest thou, and what is thy destiny? Whence all tile evil of thy nature, why art thou mortal, who made thee, who involved thee in the wide-spread ruin and calamity on every side?”
Ask an infant of days the history of the past, and he can as well detail it, as man can answer these inquiries without a revelation from Him who is before all, and to whom is known from the beginning all He intends shall come to pass. So true is it, that, unaided by light from heaven, “since the beginning of the world men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen, O God, beside thee, what is prepared for him that waiteth for him”; but, adds the apostle in his comment upon these words of the prophet, “God hath revealed these things unto us by his spirit … which things we (apostles) speak, not in the words which man’s wisdom teacheth, but which the holy spirit teacheth; interpreting spiritual things in spiritual words.”
To the Bible, then, all must come at last if they would be truly wise in spiritual things. This is a great truth which few of the sons of men have learned to appreciate according to its importance. A man may be a theologian profoundly skilled in all questions of “divinity”; he may be well versed in the mythology of the heathen world; be able to speak all languages of the nations; compute the distances of orb from orb, and weigh them in the scales of rigid calculation; he may know all science and be able to solve all mysteries,—but if, with all this, he be ignorant of “the things of the spirit”; if he know not the true meaning of the Bible; he seemeth only to be wise, while he is, in fact, a fool. Therefore, the apostle saith, “let no man deceive himself. If any man among you seemeth to be wise in this world, let him become a fool, that he may be wise. For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. And again, the Lord knoweth the thoughts of the wise, that they are vain. Therefore let no man glory in men”. If our contemporaries could only attain to the adoption of this great precept, “let no man glory in men”, they would have overleaped a barrier which as a fatal obstacle prevents myriads from understanding and obeying the truth.
But while God lightly esteems the wisdom of the reputed wise, there is a wisdom which He invites all men to embrace. This is styled “the wisdom of God in a mystery”; it is also termed “the hidden wisdom which God ordained before the world which none of the princes of this world knew”. It is said to be hidden in a mystery, because until the apostolic age, it was not clearly made known. This will appear from the following texts: “Now to him that is of power to establish you according to the revelation of The Mystery, which was kept secret (χρόνοις αἰωνίοις) in the times of the ages, but now (in the time, or age, of the apostles) is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets made known to all nations for the obedience of faith.” “By revelation God made known unto me, Paul, The Mystery, which in other ages (former ages under the law of Moses) was not made known unto the sons of men as it is now revealed unto the holy apostles and prophets by the spirit, that the Gentiles should be fellow heirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel.”

Here is “the knowledge of God”, in which are contained “exceeding great and precious promises”, the understanding of which is able to make a man wise, and “a partaker of the divine nature”. Now, although these hidden things have been clearly made known, they still continued to be styled the mystery; not because of their unintelligibility, but became they were once secret. Hence, the things preached unto the Gentiles, and by them believed, are styled by Paul, “the mystery of the faith”, and “the mystery of godliness”, some of the items of which he enumerates; such as, “God manifest in the flesh, justified by the spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up in glory”. Thus an intelligible mystery characterizes the once hidden wisdom of God, and becomes the subject matter of an enlightened faith. This, however, is not the case with regard to religious systems which are not of the truth. Unintelligible mystery is the ultima ratio for all difficulties which are insoluble by the symbols of ecclesiastical communities, whose text of universal application is, that “secret things belong to God, but the things which are revealed, to us and to our children”. This is true; but, then, these things which were secret in the days of Moses, have been revealed by God to the apostles and prophets for our information.

– Thomas, D. J. (1848-1849/e-ed. 1990). Elpis Israel: a standard work of the Christadelphian community and exposition of the kingdom of God with reference to the time of the end and the age to come, available at the Christadelphian bookshop.

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Preceding articles:

To be continued: Necessity of a revelation of creation 2 Organisation of a system of things

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Additional reading:

  1. What is life?
  2. Science and God’s existence
  3. Cosmos creator and human destiny
  4. Different principle about the origin and beginning of everything
  5. Human Nature: What does the Bible teach?
  6. Destination of the earth
  7. Destination of righteous
  8. No man is free who is not master of himself
  9. Always a choice
  10. Choices
  11. It is a free will choice
  12. Object of first woe
  13. The Cares of Life
  14. Subcutaneous power for humanity 2 1950-2010 Post war generations
  15. God’s wisdom for the believer brings peace
  16. Reflect on how much idolizing happens
  17. 8 fears caused by the fear of Man
  18. If we, in our prosperity, neglect religious instruction and authority
  19. Trusting, Faith, calling and Ascribing to Jehovah #3 Voice of God #5 To meditate and Transform

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  • Our Father In Heaven By: Joe Stowell (christianmotivations.weebly.com)
    What do we know about God as our Father? According to Jesus’ prayer, we know that our Father in heaven is available and attentive to us. It is also clear that He provides for us. He forgives us and protects us from evil (vv.2-4).
  • Some Sins Indeed Result In Greater Judgment (planet.infowars.com)
    , if Christians are guilty of the criticism of which they have been charged, isn’t that tendency in part the result of the way the Biblical narrative presents itself?
  • Man who raised God as son (wordignite.wordpress.com)
    just like God had a plan for Joseph, God has a plan for each one of us. The plan does not need to be more than that He wants us to be upright and righteous. He wants us to be loving parents, loving husbands and wives. God wants us to follow the law – observe the commandments. But, just like Joseph, we may feel that we don’t have anything to contribute: that we are nothing but simple carpenters…we may feel insignificant, that we have nothing to offer. Still, God has a plan for us. God gives us dreams and speaks to us in our dreams.
  • Follow Me (heartfixxer.wordpress.com)
    With Christ being alive and with us we can do all things if we trust in him. He has a place picked out for us in his heavenly kingdom, filled with God’s presence.
  • David “A Man after God’s own Heart | How God Chooses in 1 Samuel 16:1-13 (wordsforliving.org)
    Some may wonder why we would even bother to spend time on a man who has been dead some three thousand years.  The short answer to that is this: David achieved in his life something that God wants each of His children to achieve.  David achieved something that many of us fail to accomplish.  David became a man after God’s Own heart and a study of his life can teach us how to do that too.
  • Sermon: The Heart of God Seeks Unity (grantspasschurchofchrist.com)
    The Civil War left a tragic aftermath of bitterness, hatred, and resentment in America. The wounds inflicted by the war were deep and painful. Though the guns fell silent, the angry recriminations went on. Many could not forget or forgive what had been done. Exchanges between former enemies rarely rose above the level of angry accusations and scornful denunciations.
  • Gospel, 21 March, Lent, Year B (jessicahof.wordpress.com)
    Chrysostom adds that the Pharisees neither knew the fullness of the Law, neither did they do what it commanded, for it said that no man should be killed without being granted a hearing. But it is clear, from the testimony of Nicodemus, that not all the Pharisees were blind. He knew, from his own experience, the power of the words of Jesus, but he is silenced, as Peter will be later, by fear of the wrath of the Pharisees. Like us, he is weak and fearful. Authority on earth is a powerful thing and can drive us into silence. Can we summon the courage to confess Him in such circumstances?
  • 1 Samuel 26 (asorensen.wordpress.com)
    David knows good and well it is not God who wants him dead.  So he calls on Saul to wake up and realize that he is listening to bad advice and direction from his men.
  • March 9 – peace (cohdailyprayer2014.wordpress.com)
    Heavenly Father, help us purge ourselves of those attributes which make not for peace but which set the stage for war.
    Lord hear our prayer, and grant us your peace.
  • Vayikra after its opening word וַיִּקְרָא, which means and He called (christadelphianworld.blogspot.com)
    For the Jews this Shabbat is the last of the Four Parashiot that have special Torah readings in preparation for Pesach (Passover), which is only two short weeks away! For Jews and Christians it should be the most important day of the year.

The very very beginning 1 Creating Gods

Nothing, none, something or more present

For many people the beginning of everything is a very big mystery. Some think there was just emptiness or a void or that there was darkness and only Chaos.  According to Greek mythology, the origin of everything, and the first thing that ever existed was Chaos. It was the primordial void, the source out of which everything was created, including the universe and the gods.

Plural form

For many there were gods who took care of everything coming into being. Also lots of Christians do believe that there were gods who created everything together.  The biggest mistake those so called Christians make, is that they believe that there was a God the Father, a god the son and a God the Spirit who together created the universe and everything around. They do not understand that The Creator is, was and always shall be the Most High Being and as such has not only the title of god, like any high being, but also speaks in the plural form with the Pluralis Majestatis or Royal We.

Speakers employing the “royal we” use it to distinguish their private life with their function, or when they are directors, editors, writers, etc., they use it to avoid the personal I or to represent a collective viewpoint. A person in function, like the Creator, the Maker and makers of things, creators of pieces (artists, theatre and film directors, choreographers, etc.), directors (bosses or managers of institutions, universities, schools, factories, industrial or technological sites), leaders of a Courtney or group (kings, queens, presidents, führers, popes, cardinals, priests, pastors, youth-leaders, club-leaders, cheerleaders) will use the plural form when they speak as creator, artist, director or in function.

Gods and Big Bang

16th century manuscript of Theogeny: “the genealogy or birth of the gods” poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed circa 700 B.C. It is written in the Epic dialect of Homeric Greek.

We may find people who believe in mythology where out of the void appeared Erebus, or an other god as the personification of the deep darkness and shadows and brother of Gaea (earth), Tartarus (underworld) a god, third in rank after Chaos and Gaea, preceding Eros (love), and Nyx (night).

There are a various amount of viewpoints on creation, but we want to stick to the one which is told by the Divine Creator Himself.
We, as Christians do believe in an eternal Creator divinity, and as such in a spiritual Supreme Being or eternal Spirit God, which had no beginning, has no birth and no ending, cannot die. That Supreme Being out of the darkness created “Light“. You might call it “Big Bang” or the “Supreme Light”, that does not matter so much, but important is that you can find yourself in accepting that from nothing something came into being and there came light.

All those who say that this or that was there or that the Big Bang was the first thing, should wonder how and out of what this big bang came into being. For sure they would say that “Before” the Big Bang there was Blackness, nothingness, something, void and should wonder what was the next thing “after” the Big Bang.

Crepuscular rays of light shining through clouds in the sky

In the knowledge that “one day” for God is in the eyes of man a “thousand years” we can think of it that there have been a long period over this coming into being from one element into the next one, because on the second day of God sky or celestial dome was created. It was or is what we do know as the wideness which includes the atmosphere and outer space.

Coming into being

The “void” or “emptiness” and the “atmosphere” came into being because that One and Only One God Who declared to be the “One that is the One Who is the Being” (The “I Am the I am” or “The I Am Who Is”): I am that I am Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh אהיה אשר אהיה

3 Syllables Name: Je-Ho-Vah, by which the whole world should know God's Name
3 Syllables Name: Je-Ho-Vah, by which the whole world should know God’s Name

He presented Himself with a tetragrammaton, a word with three syllables, which makes it unlikely the two syllable word Yahweh or Jahweh would be His preferred name. He said: “אני יהוה  ani Ye-ho-vah.” This is the famous tetragrammaton, or name of three syllables and four letters, which we write Jehovah Yehovah, Yehveh, Yeveh, Jhuh, Javah, etc. The letters are Y H U H or YHWH. The religious Jews never pronounce it, and the true pronunciation is utterly unknown, but when you ask a Jew how they  would pronounce it or speak yourself Hebrew you will find out that Jehovah is the right rendering of God’s Name of which God Himself says “That is my name – A name peculiar to myself.”

 אני יהוה הוא שׁמי וכבודי לאחר לא־אתן ותהלתי לפסילים׃

“I am Jehovah, that is my name; and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise unto graven images.” (Isaiah 42:8 ASV)

7  ስለዚህ የዕውሮችን ዐይን ታበራለህ፤ በጨለማው ጒድጓድ እስር ቤት ውስጥ ያሉትን እስረኞችን ታወጣለህ።

All people in the world should come to know the Name of God. He does find it important that His creatures should know Him by His Name and know that He only is the Most High ever. Probably shall find no other people called the same because God the Divine Creator said He is the only One with that Name, which may not be taken in vain.

‘That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, Art the Most High over all the earth.” (Psalm 83:18 Lange)

Psa 83:17  (83:18) יבשׁו ויבהלו עדי־עד ויחפרו ויאבדו׃

“That they may know that {1} thou alone, whose name is Jehovah, Art the Most High over all the earth. {1) Or [thou, whose name alone is Jehovah, art etc]}” (Psalms 83:18 ASV)

Exo 20:7  לא תשׂא את־שׁם־יהוה אלהיך לשׁוא כי לא ינקה יהוה את אשׁר־ישׂא את־שׁמו לשׁוא׃

“Thou shalt not take the name of Jehovah thy God {1} in vain; for Jehovah will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name {1} in vain. {1) Or [for vanity] (or [falsehood])}” (Exodus 20:7 ASV)

Later He reminded Moses of His great name and that He is the covenant-making and covenant-keeping God, who will absolutely fulfil His promises (Exodus 6:2-5). The name denotes not Who is the eternal existence and that unchangeable truth and omnipotent Power which give fulfilment to His promises.  It were as though He said, “I am Jehovah, for I am now to do what I have declared to be My purpose.” Compare, for further illustration of this name, Exodus 7:5 and Ezekiel 28:22.

Exo 6:2  וידבר אלהים אל־משׁה ויאמר אליו אני יהוה׃
Exo 6:3  וארא אל־אברהם אל־יצחק ואל־יעקב באל שׁדי ושׁמי יהוה לא נודעתי להם׃

“2 And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am Jehovah: 3 and I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, as {1} God Almighty; but {2} by my name Jehovah I was not {3} known to them. {1) Heb [El Shaddai] 2) Or [as to] 3) Or [made known]}” (Exodus 6:2-3 ASV)

 

Exo 7:5  וידעו מצרים כי־אני יהוה בנטתי את־ידי על־מצרים והוצאתי את־בני־ישׂראל מתוכם׃

“And the Egyptians shall know that I am Jehovah, when I stretch forth my hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them.” (Exodus 7:5 ASV)

Eze 28:22  ואמרת כה אמר אדני יהוה הנני עליך צידון ונכבדתי בתוכך וידעו כי־אני יהוה בעשׂותי בה שׁפטים ונקדשׁתי

“and say, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Behold, I am against thee, O Sidon; and I will be glorified in the midst of thee; and they shall know that I am Jehovah, when I shall have executed judgments in her, and shall be sanctified in her.” (Ezekiel 28:22 ASV)

It was not at the creation that The Divine Creator would let His Divine name be known, but that does not mean it was not important not Him bringing everything to existence.

The world came to know Who had created everything and all people should be fully aware of that.

Jer 32:17  אהה אדני יהוה הנה אתה עשׂית את־השׁמים ואת־הארץ בכחך הגדול ובזרעך הנטויה לא־יפלא ממך כל־דבר׃

“Ah Lord Jehovah! behold, thou hast made the heavens and the earth by thy great power and by thine outstretched arm; there is nothing too {1} hard for thee, {1) Or [wonderful]}” (Jeremiah 32:17 ASV)

Already in the first book of Mozes (the Bereshith, the book of the Beginnings or Genesis) we are told that it where no gods but God alone Who created man in His image and how heaven and earth were created.

Gen 1:27  ויברא אלהים את־האדם בצלמו בצלם אלהים ברא אתו זכר ונקבה ברא אתם׃

“And God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.” (Genesis 1:27 ASV)

Gen 2:4  אלה תולדות השׁמים והארץ בהבראם ביום עשׂות יהוה אלהים ארץ ושׁמים׃

“These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Jehovah God made earth and heaven.” (Genesis 2:4 ASV)

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Continues with:

The very very beginning 2 The Word and words

Readings from Scriptures: Genesis – Story of creation 1 Genesis 1:1-25 Creation of things

Readings from Scriptures: Story of creation 2 Genesis 1:26-31 Creation of man

Readings from Scriptures: Genesis – Story of creation 3 Genesis 2:1-15 Story of Adam and Eve

Readings from Scriptures: Genesis – Story of creation 4 Genesis 2:16-25 Warning for Adam and Eve

The very very beginning 3 Messiah’s total point of origination

Readings from Scriptures: Genesis – Story of creation 4 Genesis 3:1-13 The fall

Readings from Scriptures: Genesis – Story of creation 4 Genesis 3:14-24 consequneces of the fall and solution

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Additional literature:

  1. I am that I am Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh אהיה אשר אהיה
  2. God of gods
  3. Only one God
  4. Attributes to God
  5. Titles of God beginning with the Aleph in Hebrew
  6. Pluralis Majestatis in the Holy Scriptures
  7. Trusting, Faith, calling and Ascribing to Jehovah #3 Voice of God #1 Creator and His Prophets
  8. People Seeking for God 2 Human interpretations
  9. Seeing or not seeing and willingness to find God
  10. Being Religious and Spiritual 1 Immateriality and Spiritual experience
  11. Being Religious and Spiritual 4 Philosophical, religious and spiritual people
  12. Philosophy hand in hand with spirituality
  13. The Divine name of the Creator
  14. Hashem השם, Hebrew for “the Name”
  15. Jehovah Yahweh Gods Name
  16. God about His name “יהוה“יהוה
  17. YHWH and Love: Four-letter words
  18. Pure Words and Testimonies full of Breath of the Most High
  19. A viewpoint on creation
  20. The World framed by the Word of God
  21. Creation gift of God
  22. Creator and Blogger God 1 Emptiness and mouvement
  23. Creator and Blogger God 3 Lesson and solution
  24. Cosmos creator and human destiny
  25. Did the Inspirator exist
  26. Without God no purpose, no goal, no hope
  27. Story of Jesus’ birth begins long before the New Testament
  28. Are Science and the Bible Compatible?
  29. Science and the Bible—Do They Really Contradict Each Other?
  30. Science and Religion Harmonized (Once and For All…)
  31. “Before” and “after” the Big Bang
  32. Blackness, nothingness, something, void
  33. Accommodation of the Void
  34. Nothingness
  35. How do trinitarians equate divine nature

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  • A Call To My Greek Mythology Bloggers – which Greek God is this? (clairecatacouzinos.wordpress.com)
    My only guess is that this statue is of the Greek God “Adonis” – Aphrodite’s lover, and the god of beauty and desire. Or perhaps, but not likely, the Greek Hero, Hyakinthos – Apollo’s lover who died by a discus.
  • ‘Olympus’ Coming To Syfy Channel: Greek Action Drama Promises Battle Of The Gods [Video] (designntrend.com)
    A new series about the life of mortals living among the many gods and monsters of Olympus is on its way to SyFy channel. The 13-episode mythology action drama began filming in August of 2014 in Vancouver. No specific release date has been set so far, but it’s slated to air in the spring of 2015.According to the Hollywood Reporter, the synopsis for the series centers on how a handful of brave men and women banished the gods to the realm of the Underworld, otherwise known as the Kingdom of Hades.
  • Re: Pantheon: (Dis)Grace of the Gods (bay12forums.com)
    At the dawn of time, or perhaps, simply a beginning, since there were no sun to determine a “dawn” yet, there were 6 deities.These deities crafted a world over which to reside, and declared themselves to each be rulers of their own regions, that the others would not interfere in the others’ places.The three Gods of Domain were Althax, Lord of the Sky, Enthros, Lord of the Sea, and Darus, Lord of the Earth.The three Goddesses of Dominion were Enya, Lady of Creation, Ori, Lady of Destruction, and Juno, Lady of Balance.
  • Phoenix (mythology) (en.memory-alpha.org)
    The Phoenix was a bird from Greek mythology that was known for being reborn as it arose from the flames of its predecessor.